Пассивный и активные залоги
Предложения, написанные в активном залоге, легче понимать, чем те предложения, которые написаны в пассивном залоге. Заменить пассивный залог на активный очень просто, но требует немного практики. В таблице эквивалентности, представленной ниже, обратите внимание на время глагола to be, который в пассивном залоге всегда совпадает со временем основного глагола в активном залоге. Для того чтобы использовать активный залог, вы должны точно выразить субъект действия.
To Keep, активный и пассивные залоги
| Время | Активный залог | Пассивный залог | Предложение в активной форме | Эквивалент в пассиве |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Простое настоящее | keep | is kept | I keep the butter in the fridge. | The butter is kept in the fridge. |
| Настоящее продолженное | is keeping | is being kept | John is keeping my house tidy. | My house is being kept tidy. |
| Простое прошедшее | kept | was kept | Mary kept her schedule meticulously. | Mary's schedule was kept meticulously. |
| Прошедшее простое | was keeping | was being kept | The theater was keeping a seat for you. | A seat was being kept for you. |
| Настоящее совершенное | have kept | have been kept | I have kept all your old letters. | All your old letters have been kept. |
| Прошедшее совершенное | had kept | had been kept | He had kept up his training regimen for a month. | His training regimen had been kept up for a month. |
| Простое будущее | will keep | will be kept | Mark will keep the ficus. | The ficus will be kept. |
| Условное настоящее | would keep | would be kept | If you told me, I would keep your secret. | If you told me, your secret would be kept. |
| Условное прошедшее | would have kept | would have been kept | I would have kept your bicycle here if you had left it with me. | Your bicycle would have been kept here if you had left it with me. |
| Инфинитив в настоящем | to keep | to be kept | She wants to keep the book. | The book wants to be kept. |
| Перфектный инфинитив | to have kept | to have been kept | Judy was happy to have kept the puppy. | The puppy was happy to have been kept. |
| Причастие настоящего времени и герундий | keeping | being kept | I have a feeling that you may be keeping a secret. | I have a feeling that a secret may be being kept. |
| Причастие совершенное | having kept | having been kept | Having kept the bird in a cage for so long, Jade wasn't sure it could survive in the wild. | The bird, having been kept in a cage for so long, might not survive in the wild. |