Condicional tipo 3
Formação
Nas orações condicionais tipo 3, o tempo verbal da oração "if" é o "past perfect", enquanto que na oração principal ele pode ser o "perfect conditional" ou o "perfect continuous conditional".
| Oração "If" (condição) | Oração principal (resultado) |
|---|---|
| If + past perfect | "perfect conditional" ou "perfect continuous conditional" |
| If this thing had happened | that thing would have happened. |
Assim como ocorre em todas as orações condicionais, a ordem dos elementos não é fixa. Você poderá ter de reorganizar os pronomes e ajustar a pontuação quando alterar a ordem das orações, mas o significado continuará idêntico.
Exemplos
- If it had rained, you would have gotten wet.
- You would have gotten wet if it had rained.
- You would have passed your exam if you had worked harder.
- If you had worked harder, you would have passed your exam.
- I would have believed you if you hadn't lied to me before.
- If you hadn't lied to me before, I would have believed you.
Funções
O "type 3 conditional" indica uma condição impossível no passado e seu resultado provável no passado. Essas orações são verdadeiramente hipotéticas e irreais, pois agora é muito tarde para que a condição ou seu resultado existam. As orações condicionais tipo 3 quase sempre implicam um sentimento de arrependimento. A realidade representa o oposto ou contrário daquilo que a oração indica. Nas orações condicionais tipo 3, o marco temporal é o passado, e a situação é hipotética.
Exemplos
- If I had worked harder I would have passed the exam. (mas não me esforcei o bastante, por isso, não passei no exame.)
- If I had known you were coming I would have baked a cake. (mas eu não sabia que você viria, por isso, não fiz um bolo.)
- I would have been happy if you had called me on my birthday. (mas você não me ligou, por isso, não fiquei feliz.)
Nas orações condicionais tipo 3, também é possível utilizar verbos modais (modal verbs) na oração principal, em vez de "would", para expressar o grau de certeza, permissão ou uma recomendação sobre o resultado.
Exemplos
- If I had worked harder I might have passed the exam.
- You could have been on time if you had caught the bus.
- If he called you, you could go.
- If you bought my school supplies for me, I might be able to go to the park.
Contrações
Tanto "would" quanto "had" podem ser contraídos para a forma "'d", a qual pode causar confusão, caso você não domine as orações condicionais tipo 3. Lembre-se destas 2 regras:
1. "would" nunca aparece na oração "if", portanto, se "'d" aparecer nessa oração, ele deve estar abreviando o termo "had".
2. "had" nunca aparece antes de "have", portanto, se "'d" aparecer em um pronome logo antes de "have", ele deve estar abreviando o termo "would".
Exemplos
- If I'd known you were in hospital, I'd have visited you.
- If I had known you were in hospital, I would have visited you.
- I'd have bought you a present if I'd known it was your birthday.
- I would have bought you a present if I had known it was your birthday.
- If you'd given me your e-mail, I'd have written to you.
- If you had given me your e-mail, I would have written to you.
O tempo verbal "perfect conditional"
O "perfect conditional" de qualquer verbo é composto por três elementos:
"would" + "have" + "past participle"
"Have" seguido pelo "past participle" é também utilizado em outras construções. Denomina-se "perfect infinitive".
| Sujeito | + would | + have | + past participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| He | would | have | gone |
| They | would | have | stayed |
To Go no "perfect conditional"
| Afirmativa | Negativa | Interrogativa | Interrogativa Negativa |
|---|---|---|---|
| I would have gone | I wouldn't have gone | Would I have gone? | Wouldn't I have gone? |
| You would have gone | You wouldn't have gone | Would you have gone? | Wouldn't you have gone? |
| He would have gone | He wouldn't have gone | Would he have gone? | Wouldn't he have gone? |
| She would have gone | She wouldn't have gone | Would she have gone? | Wouldn't she have gone? |
| We would have gone | We wouldn't have gone | Would we have gone? | Wouldn't we have gone? |
| They would have gone | They wouldn't have gone | Would they have gone? | Wouldn't they have gone? |