الماضي التام المستمر
وظائف الماضي التام المستمر
يُقابل الماضي التام المستمر زمن المضارع التام المستمر ولكنه يشير إلى وقت سابق عما 'قبل الآن'. عندما نستخدِم الماضي التام المستمر فإن التركيز يكون عادة على الحدث واستمراره لفترة مثلما هو الحال مع المضارع التام المستمر.
أمثلة
- Had you been waiting long before the taxi arrived?
- We had been trying to open the door for five minutes when Jane found her key.
- It had been raining hard for several hours and the streets were very wet.
- Her friends had been thinking of calling the police when she walked in.
تُسْتَخْدَم صيغة الماضي التام المستمر في الكلام غير المباشر ، وهو يكافئ زمنيّ الماضي المستمر والمضارع التام المستمر في الكلام المباشر.
- Jane said, "I have been gardening all afternoon." = Jane said she had been gardening all afternoon.
- When the police questioned him, John said, "I was working late in the office that night." = When the police questioned him, John told them he had been working late in the office that night.
تكوين الماضي التام المستمر
يتكون الفعل في الماضي التام من جزأين هما: الماضي التام من الفعل (had been=) to be + اسم الفاعل (مصدرالفعل مُضافًا إليه ing).
| الفاعل | had been | مصدر الفعل + ing |
|---|---|---|
| I | had been | walking |
| الإثبات | ||
| She | had been | trying |
| النفي | ||
| She | hadn't been | sleeping |
| الاستفهام | ||
| Had you | been | eating? |
| الاستفهام المنفي | ||
| Hadn't they | been | living? |
الماضي التام المستمر، To buy كمثال
| الإثبات | النفي | الاستفهام |
|---|---|---|
| I had been buying | I hadn't been buying | Had I been buying? |
| You had been buying | You hadn't been buying | Had you been buying? |
| She had been buying | She hadn't been buying | Had she been buying? |
| We had been buying | We hadn't been buying | Had we been buying? |
| They had been buying | They hadn't been buying | Had they been buying? |